Friday, October 12, 2018

THE DILEMMA OF ANTICIPATION



“Oft expectation fails, and most oft, there where most it promises; and oft it hits where hope is coldest, and despair most fits.”

         These memorable words recorded in 1600 by the great English poet and playwright William Shakespeare in his literary masterpiece, “All is well that ends well,” speak directly and most accurately to the competing effects of anticipation on the individual. In the scene he was drawing attention to one of the fundamental facts of life that may affect any one at any time. He was referring to the fact that there are times when results hoped for may fall short of expectations, and yet at other times they may succeed far more than expected.

         There is no doubt whatsoever that Anticipation, the expectation a particular event happening in the future, can be a very powerful force for good or for bad, depending upon our expectation at that time. From any point of view, anticipation plays a vital and constant role in the life of everyone, and in the choices they make or do not make. Samuel Smiles, one of Scotland’s most famous and celebrated authors, a reformer and a strong advocate for self-help, who died in 1904, expressed this in the following observation:

“An intense anticipation itself transforms possibility into reality. Our desires are often but precursors of the things which we are capable of performing.”

He quite correctly explained that the effort we make in anticipating can in the right context, lead to positive results, but this effort in the wrong direction, can be the source of great concern. On every single occasion when we begin to anticipate an action which we consider most likely to take place, we are in fact setting in motion certain changes in our emotional make-up in preparation for good or for bad results. It is this Dilemma of Anticipation that is the driving force in our lives and the one that is directly responsible for success or failure in every thing we do or plan to do.

         The emotional responses to anticipation have been extensively studied by psychologists and neuroscientists with substantial agreement. The focus of activity seems to be mainly centered in the frontal lobes of the brain and dependent upon the release of the powerful chemical neurotransmitter, Dopamine. The act of expecting a future event triggers the production of increased amounts of dopamine from the frontal lobes which then stimulate the other brain centers to initiate the various responses. When positive events are anticipated feelings of excitement and confidence are engendered and the individual experiences a sense of satisfaction and happiness. But when the expectation is associated with negative feelings, there develops a sadness, disappointment and anxiety, which continue grow with time. This emotional rehearsal for future events is in continuous play in the individual’s brain with the outcome, positive or negative, modified by the underlying personality make-up as well as to current and past experiences. Dr. Deepak Chopra, the well known Indian born American physician, author and inspirational speaker, very wisely summarized this relationship in a simple, precise statement:

“Our thinking and our behavior are always in anticipation of a response.”
                                                                             
         In fact, the human brain is often described as a natural anticipation machine whose role in protecting the person is by predicting the future. Its capability to use past experiences and current events to project the future  serves to increase the odds of obtaining the desired results, while at the same time avoid or minimize any adversity encountered. Real problems arise from the person’s psychological baggage brought along, which can alter the prediction and the reactions that result. This is the fundamental dilemma that has determined human behavior from the beginning of time. It is never the actual event occurring that creates the impact, but it is how we expected them to unfold and affect us that determine our ultimate behavior. A prediction that reflected favorable outcomes automatically increases positivity and confidence in behavior, while one that points to uncertainty or threat can induce concern and anxiety for this, and any subsequent actions.

This fact has been recognized as a fundamental component in anxiety for as long as man has been alive. Centuries ago, the great Greek philosopher, Aristotle, drew attention to its occurrence when he noted: 

“Fear is the pain arising from anticipation of evil”

He was referring to the very common occurrence in people, of overt symptoms of anxiety and heightened emotional reactions in response to a perceived threat or a potentially unpredictable situation. These anticipatory anxieties, which can at times become extremely debilitating and life changing are the underlying causes of a large number problems and suffering in the individual. They affect a significant percentage of the population and can present with a wide range of symptoms that include fear, apathy, social withdrawal and a variety of affective and behavioral disorders. Symptoms may range from mild expressions of fear and inadequacy to extremely severe debilitating conditions requiring special care.

         In all these instances, the underlying causes can be traced to an inability by the individual, because of any number of pre-morbid and personality factors, to anticipate or cope with the uncertainty of potential threats or adversity in the future, irrespective of whether these are real or imagined. Eckhart Tolle, a popular German-born Canadian author and spiritual leader, in one of his public lectures observed:

“These people tend to dwell more on negative things than good things. So the mind becomes obsessed with negative things, with judgments, guilt, and anxiety produced by thoughts about the future.”

This statement very neatly encapsulates the negative effects on the behavior caused by a mind weighed down by the burdens of anticipation. Every one can readily identify, either personally or in others, examples of this behavior and the resulting damage that may follow. The fact that in almost 95% of the time, the anticipatory anxiety is far greater than subsequent activity is of little consequence to the victim, but the resulting pain and suffering can be great.

         But when anticipation is based on positive hope for better things and is accompanied by an expectation of success, there is underlying optimism which is reflected in the enthusiasm and confidence exhibited and the urge to continue without fear or antagonism. Unlike the feelings of anxiety and uncertainty that is the constant companion of negative expectation; the complete opposite takes place as the individual is encouraged to do much more by the promise of success. This indeed, is the underlying strategy that has been used by all the successful people who have achieved in their endeavors. The underlying strength and the real reasons for substantially improving their opportunity to succeed is directly related their ability to rise above their feelings of uncertainty and to positively anticipate future trends and take the appropriate action. Paul Allen, the highly respected American entrepreneur, investor, business magnate and philanthropist, co-founder of Microsoft and considered to be one of the true leaders of the computer revolution, has never hesitated to attribute his success to his uncanny ability to anticipate future trends and then act on them. He freely admitted this when he declared:

“In my own work, I've tried to anticipate what's coming over the horizon, to hasten its arrival, and to apply it to people's lives in a meaningful way.” 
                   
It is this ability to anticipate the future before it has arrived and to prepare for it as best as you can, rather than be overcome with the fear of failure or inadequacy which serves only to increase the person’s vulnerability, that determines the final outcome. The successful people differ mainly by their ability to visualize the future, identify their options and in so doing increase confidence and reduce risks. Instead of the paralysis of fear and trepidation that swallows the negative thinker, they are able to use their confidence to think forward, determine the obstacles and find solutions. It is not the failure that matters as much as what happens after. The anticipation of failure can either lead to disaster, or be a source of learning for the future. The winners have learnt to anticipate and adapt, the losers choose to withdraw and hide.

 This is the dilemma of living to which every person is expected to spend his life choosing; either to anticipate the possibility of not succeeding and live in fear and anxiety, or to anticipate the possibility of success and enjoy a life of challenges and opportunities.


“Fear is the pain arising from anticipation of evil”



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